According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change adaptation refers to “the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects” (IPCC, 2014, p. Communities will have to adapt to such impacts, preferably before experiencing them. Specific climate change impacts that require attention include a greater frequency of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, heat waves, and sea level rise, as well as associated effects like the spread of vector-borne diseases to new areas (Noble et al., 2014). Some level of adaptation to climate change has become inevitable, even when traveling into the future along the most stringent viable mitigation pathways. Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation.Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance.We thus identify manifold avenues for future research, and provide insights for practitioners who may hope to leverage diffusion mechanisms to enhance their adaptation efforts. So are the effects of adaptation policy diffusion in terms of changes in vulnerability and resilience. We demonstrate that adaptation policy diffusion can be associated with different mechanisms, yet many of them remain remarkably understudied.
We also engage with adaptation policy characteristics, contextual conditions (e.g., problem severity) and different channels of adaptation policy diffusion (e.g., transnational networks). We assess the extent to which four motivations and related mechanisms of policy diffusion-interests (linked with learning and competition), rights and duties (tied to coercion), ideology, and recognition (both connected with emulation)-are conceptually and empirically associated with adaptation.
#BARRIERS TO DIFFUSION OF DISEASE DRIVERS#
To address this gap, we offer a new interpretation and assessment of the extensive adaptation policy literature through a policy diffusion perspective we pay specific attention to diffusion drivers and barriers, motivations, mechanisms, outputs, and outcomes. Most existing adaptation studies do not explicitly examine policy diffusion, which is a form of interdependent policy-making among jurisdictions at the same or across different levels of governance. However, there is surprisingly limited systematic knowledge about whether and how adaptation policies have diffused and could diffuse in the future. Adapting to some level of climate change has become unavoidable.
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